A Rebirth of Traditional Schools in Uganda is coming up


Over the past two decades, there has been a steady decline in the influence and seductiveness of the so called traditional schools in Uganda. Just for us to be on the same page, I mean schools like Busoga College Mwiri, Nabumali High School, Tororo College, Jinja College, St. Joseph’s College Layibi, Mvara Secondary School, Dr. Obote College Boroboro, Kiira College Butiki, St. Henry’s College Kitovu among others.

While they declined, privately run schools took their space and rose to prominence. Never mind that most were hasty arrangements of arcade like structures being turned into schools. They were favoured alot by the read and cram only curriculum that has been in place hence allowing them to focus on churning out students that are best described as paper tigers whose goal is to score distinctions in a 2 hour exam aimed at rating your knowledge gain over a span of four years!!!!

The introduction of the Competence Based Curriculum (CBC) in Uganda is one of the greatest highlights the NRM regime can pride in. This is a curriculum that emphasizes what learners are expected to do rather than mainly focusing on what they are expected to know. In principle, such a curriculum is learner-centered and adaptive to the changing needs of students, teachers, and society.

This year I got a child that joined Senior 1 hence my keen interest in understanding the CBC. For starters, I did observe the teaching approach at his school and was very impressed when I saw the students in smaller groupings during lesson time, discussing and later presenting to the entire class. The teacher simply played a facilitative role and I was quite awed when I saw these young children exude information that in yesteryears we awaited for teachers to dispense.

I will never forget the horrible experience of learning mathematics in my S2 from a teacher who had been overtaken by evolution. He made me hate the subject yet in later years, fellow students enabled me grasp the concepts better.

I have always felt cheated when all the ratings by the school for my children centred around marks scored in an exam hence denying me the ability to rate them in other spheres. This worried me so much that when Lockdown came up, I got so happy because while other parents were out there scampering to have their children coached during this time so they can skip a class, I focused on skilling mine and by the time they returned to school, they had attained a number of other practical skills.

Come end of term, I read through the four page report for my son and the breakdown was the first thing that caught my eye. The table below shows an entry of just one of his results.

They are able to gauge the pupil’s competencies and skills. Something I find very appealing.

The Score, replaces the standard format we have been accustomed to of 80% and the like. It is a calculation of Marks Scored divided by Total Marks and the result multiplied by 3.

By having such a nearly holistic assessment of the learner, I strongly believe that any serious parent will benefit through fully understanding their child at school. You get to appreciate their soft skills as well as hands on readiness.

I have heard concerns from some circles that there are teething implementation challenges. However, like birth pains, they are eventually going to yield something bigger and better for us.

Questions arise when it comes to the readiness of teachers to undertake this curriculum. The Government did not do us justice by inadequately preparing them and right now a good number are no different from an Imam who has been sent to preach in a Balokole church.

Imagine an individual who has been used to being the epicentre of knowledge having to turn around and become a mere facilitator. It takes alot of humility to embrace that.

The continuous assessment is such a headache for those schools that have been investing money in bribing their way into high grades through manufactured distinctions by simply buying final exam papers as well as compromising markers.

It is a shame to hear that the undercurrents trying to frustrate this curriculum implementation are some of the biggest investors in private education, a number of whom are even employed in Government circles.

This need for a detailed analysis and comprehension of students is not likely to work well for most private and primarily profit driven schools that focus on admitting large numbers in order to reap more financially.

The issue is exacerbated by the part time nature of their teaching staff that swing from one school to the other limiting their student contact severely.

A decade from now, there will be a clear distinction between the quality of students emanating from the traditional schools that choose to tap into their readily available class and non class room resources viz a viz the ones from the shopping arcade modeled private schools.

The writing is on the wall. Unless something drastic changes in the way private schools are setup, I foresee a glorious rebirth of traditional schools.

James Wire

Business & Technology Consultant
Twitter: @wirejames
Blog: https://wirejames.com

Govt. of Uganda, Do unto Rice what you did for Dairy


Uganda is a naturally gifted agricultural country. When you see the volumes of production under the largely subsistence approach that characterises our agriculture, the potential is immense. One sector whose potential has been proven is the Dairy Sector. It is therefore a pity that the successes registered on that journey have not been replicated for other agricultural sub-sectors.

In a this very well thought out article, Hon. Edward Baliddawa shares an opinion as to why Uganda needs to be deliberate about rice growing and it is within the same vein that I am reaffirming his point of view to show how there has either been negligence or a carefully crafted plan not to empower farmers in other sectors.

Dairy

Milk production in the country experienced a nose dive in the 1970s all the way through the 1980s. We relied alot on imports especially of milk products like powder milk, cheese among others. The Dairy Corporation used to collect and process 20 million litres of milk per annum in 1972 but this dropped to an all time low of less than half a million litres in 1983.

When the Government came up with the Diary Master Plan of 1993, it was a key turning point closely followed by the enactment of the Dairy Industry Act, 1998. As a result of these interventions, the industry monopoly enjoyed by the Dairy Corporation was removed, allowing other private players to venture into processing.

The Dairy production in Uganda is dominated by small scale dairy farmers who contribute 80% to the overall milk production in the nation followed by 20.0% from the large scale dairy farms. Their production is mainly based on low input traditional pasture production systems making the country one of the few low cost producers in the world.

Liberalisation of the sector has seen annual production grow from 9.3 million litres in 1990 to 2.81 Billion litres in 2021, just 200 Million litres shy of the anticipated 3 Billion litres target. This shows the high prospects the sector holds.

Today, numerous value added products from milk are exported to markets as far as Europe, Asia and the Americas. Thanks to the focused commitment to revamp the dairy industry in Uganda.

Rice

In Uganda’s Agricultural Strategic Plan (ASSP) after cotton, coffee and maize, rice is ranked 4th as a strategic crop for improving household food and income security in Uganda. While, in terms of production, it is the second most important cereal after maize.
Just like Dairy farming, rice is grown mainly by smallholder farmers strewn across in Eastern, Northern and selected parts of Western Uganda.

Tending to a rice garden in the Doho Rice Scheme, Butaleja District


Despite having a production of 350,000MT of rice, Uganda remains a net importer. While we have a sizeable acreage of land under rice cultivation, our productivity per hectare pales in comparison with the immediate neighbors. As a country, our climatic conditions are favourable for rice growing and these among others include;

  • There is readily available fertile land
  • The two rainfall seasons that allow for the production of two crop cycles annually
  • Decent average annual rainfall averaging 1,200mm/year
  • Ideal temperature ranges

The challenges faced in the rice sub-sector are common knowledge and evolve around;

  • Over reliance on rainfed agriculture hence exposing rice farming to risks of drought
  • Limited access by the large small holder farmers community to improved seeds
  • Limited use of proper agronomic practices mainly due to lack of knowledge.
  • Poor post-harvest handling leading to low grain quality thereby lowering the potential income and limiting market access
  • Limited Mechanisation
  • Poor Supply Chain infrastructure like roads, proper transport for produce, warehouses etc
  • Inadequate access to finance with farmers paying upto 100% interest through the informal money lenders.

It should be possible to propel the rice sub sector to the next level and turn Uganda into a net exporter of rice within a decade if only commitment can be shown in addressing the already known pitfalls.

The opportunities should also be another highly motivating factor and these include;

  • The local and international demand for rice and its byproducts is growing steadily
  • Rice enterprises are more profitable at the various levels of the value chain compared to other cereals like maize, sorghum and finger millet.
  • There are relatively high gross margins across all stages of the value chain therefore making it easier to maximise returns
  • The rice byproducts market is still highly undeveloped.

Measures have been undertaken to promote the growth of the rice sub-sector but either they are being implemented in a haphazard or half hearted way.

You wake up one morning only to hear drums sounding for the importation of tax free rice with someone blaming inadequate production and the poor quality of locally produced rice as a reason for allowing in the tax free imports. The same team of minds worked so hard over the decades to ensure that the quantities and quality of dairy milk produced in western Uganda improved immensely including the mindset change that led the pastoralists settling down.

What was done for the dairy sub-sector can be done in the rice sub-sector by;

  • Encouraging the smallholder farmers to associate in cooperatives and benefit from scale
  • Setting up appropriate infrastructure in the rice growing areas to make produce transportation much easier
  • Setting up warehouses and encouraging their use
  • Promoting investment into value addition initiatives
  • Enforcing standards, among others.

It is therefore prudent that we use our success stories to uplift other sectors of the economy as opposed to addressing each with a silo approach. This therefore is a reminder call to the Ministry of Agriculture to handle all other key agriculture sub-sectors with the kind of attention that the Dairy Sub-sector got. Only then can we see a nationwide impact of progress reaching the bottom of the pyramid.

James Wire
Business & Technology Consultant
Twitter: @wirejames
Blog: https://wirejames.com