Uganda Communications Commission @20 Years. Celebrating Incompetence!!!

Posted on March 28, 2018 | 2 comments

Uganda has traditionally been structured in such a manner that most of what you need to do or trade in has to lead you to the capital city, Kampala. Take a look at most of the government services that citizens require and try to find out how they accessed them ten or twenty years ago. Passports, Driving permits, decent health services, car registration, business registration, Tax registration among others, all had to be accessed from offices based in Kampala.

The advent of technology was a breath of fresh air, something which the Uganda Revenue Authority took advantage of by setting up regional and border point offices that were able to offer services to the general public that were initially the preserve of the Kampala Office.

The advancement in technology has also meant an advancement in the perpetration of crime. Following a spate of very sad security incidents involving the murder of innocent lives through the use of mobile technologies, as usual, the government agencies were caught flat footed. They rudely woke up from their slumber and in a reactionary manner decided to undertake measures aimed at minimising this threat in future. Led by the Uganda Communications Commission (UCC), it is hard to know who comprised the team that has been working behind the scenes but a couple of interventions were undertaken:

1. In March 2017, an order was made by UCC to the Telecoms to deactivate unregistered SIM cards. Something which was never fully implemented.

2. Come March 2018 after the murder of 23 young ladies in 2017 eventually culminating in the murder of Susan Magara in February 2018, the issue of unregistered simcards resurfaced leading to a new directive by UCC to halt the sale of SIM Cards.

3. On the 27th of March 2018, there was a change of heart by UCC when they decided through another directive to annul the SIM Card ban. However, under stringent conditions. It is these conditions that are the subject of discussion.

The UCC statement, Ref: LA/440 titled, Clarification on SIM Swaps / SIM Replacements outlines the conditions under which one can obtain a SIM Swap/replacement as;

  • Production of a valid police report

  • Presentation of a letter from The National Identification and Registration Authority (NIRA) verifying and validating that a SIM card holder’s national ID is authentic.

  • Re-registration of the applicant for a SIM card by the telecommunications operator using biometrics and a photograph.

  • Issuance of fresh sim card registration form.

  • Ensuring that the SIM card holder shall be using the SIM card in a genuine Type Approved device.

Background to SIM registration

Reading through these conditions takes me back down memory lane. In 2012, the then Ministry of ICT mooted the idea of registering SIM Cards with the UCC as the lead agency to realise it by 2013. The idea was a good one that got hijacked by selfish interests hence being subjected to poor planning.

Back then, there were proposals mooted on how best to achieve the SIM Card registration with two schools of thought emerging. One was that the UCC takes over the registration process by bankrolling the creation of a centralised database that all Telecoms companies can feed into. The second option was leaving the registration burden to the Telecoms as well as the handling of the eventual databases.

Most professionals preferred the first option because it ensured that customer/citizen information was held by a Government entity and this very information could later be used to merge with databases of other government departments like the Passport Office, Uganda Revenue Authority, National ID among others. With a futuristic mindset, we anticipated a time when there would be a need for different players, not only telecoms but also financial institutions, Health Service providers etc to access a centralised registration database for verification services. The feelers from UCC at that time were that they did not want to spend any money on the process hence preferring to offload that burden to the Telecoms.

The downside to the second option of letting the Telecoms manage the registration databases independently was likely to be in the creation of unnecessary multiple databases all doing the same thing. In a bid to make the process as cost effective as possible, the Telecoms were likely to be tempted to make the registration process as basic as possible and this is what is responsible for the inaccuracies in the registration information of most phone owners.

For an organisation littered with highly trained professionals, one is left wondering why there is a chronic lack of a futuristic thinking and approach towards managing projects.

The burden created of linking Telecoms to the NIRA database wouldn’t have surfaced if UCC had in the first case taken ownership of the SIM registration database to create a single centralised repository. However, as someone who knows abit about how most of these government institutions work, it comes as no surprise. The fact is that:

  • Government Institutions do not like to work together. UCC and the National IT Authority ( NITA) don’t see eye to eye oftentimes. There is always this sibling rivalry that they exhibit. Take the example of a time when UCC and NITA each decided to set up CERTs (These are entities set up to study computer/technology vulnerabilities as well as offer support to victims or the general public). How many activities have you seen UCC and NITA engage in jointly? As the government implementer of Technology, NITA should be allowed to play a key role i NITA all this. Their silence is a message in itself.

  • All initiatives are looked at as Procurement deals. What I mean here is that most focus is put on what is going to be purchased and how much it shall cost as opposed to designing a system that will stand the test of time. This is the reason why you find a lot of excitement around the implementation of Phone Tapping or Pornography Detection technology whose cost is definitely inflated. Word in the local tech corridors has it that the President was overly pissed off when the head of a Government agency inflated the cost of procuring some technology equipment to some obscene amount in millions of dollars only for him to learn later that it cost a very minute fraction of the amount of money he approved for release.

  • Crisis is best. There is a preference to wait for or create a crisis by these Government agencies because decisions are then expedited and there is less scrutiny of the transactions hence creating room for the hyper inflated transactions that see many of the line individuals smile all the way to their banks. One just needs to look back at the 2007 Commonwealth Summit (CHOGM) that was held in Kampala and how through crisis management a lot of money was swindled by various officials. Same template, different stage.

Before you get that new SIM card, UCC says;

  • Produce a valid Police Report. What is the logic in all this? If I have lost or have a corrupted sim card which is already registered under my names and I can prove my identity, why should I need to report to the Police? It is common knowledge that this is a move that at best will achieve the goal of wetting the beaks of police officers.

    You not only provide the paper and pen on which they re going to write, but they also expect you to part with at least UGX 5000/= which is clearly a bribe.

    It doesn’t matter how much one shouts, all police stations in the country behave the same way and one person’s rants cant change them.

    Secondly, you cannot have two SIM cards sharing the same number. With this as a given fact, the risk of rogue SIM cards existing on the network is minimised and hence doesn’t warrant the extremely naive action being taken.

    A better approach would have been the need for one to prove their identity through presentation of the National ID. By the time I have a functional SIM card, then the telecoms company has my registration details. So, that would be enough to verify the information on my submitted ID. The lack of it would probably call for acquiring one.

  • Presentation of a Letter from NIRA verifying the validity of one’s National ID. This is definitely a laughable requirement. To be honest, how hard is it to forge this letter, if I really have to? We are talking technology and you want to drive us back to the stone age? Whoever thought this up should try watching The Flintstones and The Jetsons Cartoons, only then shall they appreciate the difference between 2018 and 1986.

    Secondly, are we short of quick fix technological solutions that can be used pronto to verify these IDs? There is a Code (That grey shaded area) at the back of each ID, how hard is it to use that for verification? Unless of course if it was placed there for fashion purposes.

    We all know that NIRA has its offices in Kampala. What happens to someone from Butaleja who wants a letter, do they have to board a taxi to Kampala, spend an entire day or two lining up to get a letter, spend a night or two in Kampala all in the name of getting a letter? Besides, the likely congestion will lead to more corruption opportunities at the NIRA offices for those that want to get their letters processed swiftly.

    Whoever proposed this seems to think that Kampala is Uganda.

    Do not add more misery to our already suffering people. If this requirement stands, then NIRA should open up offices in each district. Wake up you guys!!!

  • Re-registration of the applicant for a SIM card. Why? Why? Why? If I may show my frustration the way my son does each time I give him a task that doesn’t seem to make sense. Did the Telcos lose our previous registration details? Why take one through the same rigorous process? The only thing I can accept is the biometrics verification which wasn’t done in the earlier phase. The rest is near to nonsense and a waste or our man hours.

  • Issuance of fresh sim card registration form. Is this a redesigned form that has more fields than the previous one we filled in? Why duplicate matters? Is there an option for an electronic version of this form? If the insistence is on hard copies, then I recommend the promoters of this requirement to watch the cartoons I mentioned earlier. Maybe they will get the point. I am compelled to assume the worst, our SIM Card registration data might be messed up.

  • Ensuring that the SIM card holder shall be using the SIM card in a genuine Type Approved device. This is the most redundant of them all. Very uncalled for especially from an entity that should be at the cutting edge of understanding telecommunication technology.

    I could come with a type approved phone for the mere purpose of getting my new SIM then revert to the non Type Approved phones thereafter. However, the current infrastructure of the telecom operators has the ability to weed out the non Type Approved phones on the go. This therefore means that you do not have to even state it as a requirement at this stage, it’s already taken care of.

    Such redundant thoughts drive us into wondering whether some officials do deserve the hefty salary perks they get at the expense of the tax payer.

We are now hearing about the development of an api aimed at enabling third parties access the NIRA ID Database. The financial sums being mooted for this basic task are already mind boggling for something that can be executed by local developers. A conveniently placed foreign entity is apparently in line to take on this task.

Whoever cursed Uganda must have done such a good job!!

All this could have been avoided if in the first case UCC had taken on the ownership of the SIM registration database and went ahead to design a modular system that could plug into any other databases like that of NIRA upfront. Why is such basic thinking a luxury?

As we celebrate incompetence by continuing to reward non performance, the original intentions of technology making the governance of our citizens easier are being continuously raped.

For God and My Country

James Wire is a Small Business and Technology Consultant

Blog: wirejames.com

Twitter: @wirejames

Email: lunghabo (at) gmail (dot) com

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Investment Challenges faced by Ugandans in the diaspora

Posted on March 27, 2018 | 9 comments

There was a time when all that we heard about the Ugandan diaspora were tales of people going out of the country to destinations like the U.K, USA, Canada etc to do back breaking menial jobs regarded with disdain by the locals of the host countries. Over the decades however, the narrative has since changed. It is common lately to hear of Ugandans taking on high level jobs in globally renowned multinational organisations. As a result, the remittances by these Ugandans back home have grown in leaps and bounds to the extent of being recognised as one of the leading stream of money into the local economy.

Due to one reason or another, there is a desire by most of these diaspora dwellers to put up some form of investment back home. Probably they have plans to retire in Uganda when done with the globe trotting while others are simply trying to set up an income stream for their extended families back home.

Most of the Ugandans in the diaspora I have shared with on this matter of investing back home confess that they have tried and will keep trying. However, they highlight a number of challenges that they face in their quest to do so. These include;

Trust: There is a general lack of trust among the people they have tried dealing with to represent their interests. They highlight a shortage of people they can consider reliable and faithful to manage their investments. Stories abound of diasporans that have been fooled into constructing homes that end up not being theirs or purchasing land they eventually don’t get to own.

Lack of information on available opportunities: Getting Information in Uganda can be a herculean task. This is not a challenge confined to those in the diaspora only. Most government staff believe hoarding information is key to their survival in office. When opportunities arise, these officials tend to hoard it and prefer to dispense it in a biased manner especially to those that reward them financially.

Matters are aggravated by the existence of a bad culture especially among government agencies that prefer to work as independent silos. Today’s opportunities can only be best exploited through a multi-sectoral approach. You can’t talk of attracting industries into the country without ensuring that there is adequate electricity, good transport infrastructure as well as communication facilities. This therefore calls for lateral interfacing among the relevant agencies.

Government aside, there is a general preference by most Ugandans to store opportunities in their brains hoping to dispense the knowledge in a piecemeal basis in order to be deemed relevant. Most of this knowledge being hoarded cannot be easily exploited by the very people hoarding it.

Accessing research data is another blister that needs treating. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has numerous studies it has undertaken in the different sectors of the economy. Unfortunately, whatever information they have is usually treated with the same sensitivity as security related information. It leaves one wondering why in the first case they gather and process data.

Lack of accurate information: Where information is available, its accuracy is often questioned. It’s very common to come across multiple sources of information on a particular issue all giving different versions.

The diasporans, do not usually have the time to tooth comb through the information that they get about the investment climate back home. This is why they prefer to get it in as clear and accurate a manner as possible so that they can make decisions in an expeditious manner. Remember, the urge to invest back home is competing with alternative investment possibilities abroad.

Weak/Corrupt government institutions: The government institutions meant to facilitate investment are weak and largely corrupt. They either do not do enough or simply encourage an atmosphere of corrupt tendencies, a factor which exposes people’s investments to a lot of risk.

Take the case of land, there are numerous stories of diasporans that have been defrauded as a result of having their land sold to other parties without their consent or even buying land with fake titles.

If it requires one to board an aeroplane and spend a couple of weeks in Uganda just to pursue a land transaction to conclusion, the cost of such an investment turns out to be unfairly high.

A diasporan I interviewed for this article told me how he once pitched a low cost road resealing solution to the Kampala City authorities some years back only to be shamelessly told that, “Ffe tunaalya tutya?” (How shall we eat?) Basically, they implied that cost cutting solutions are not good for them because they need generous cuts/kickbacks off any works that have to be done on the road.

Business Models that depend on one’s presence: Most businesses that the diasporans engage in can best work with physical supervision by the owner. The working culture in Uganda is still poor to the extent that the diasporans find it hard to run their business operations remotely, either the staff will work in a lacklustre manner or they rob you from within.

Lack of investment support infrastructure: This is an accusation levied by the diasporans and shouldn’t be taken lightly. For anyone intending to invest, it is important that they get to actualise their intentions in a manner that is as smooth as possible. For long, government agencies tasked with facilitating investment were detached from each other until a decision was made to have some coordination across all of them.

The processes of registering a business, acquiring tax identification, getting an investment licence among others were for long handled by different agencies located in different offices across the capital city of Kampala.

Lately though, a single-spine approach has been implemented where a visit to the Uganda Investment Authority can enable an investor walk away after accomplishing all the requisite registrations. While this is commendable, the next step is to take this interaction online in order to facilitate engagement with the diasporans.

Lack of a Government support structure for diasporans: Apart from what can best be described as a rag tag effort by government towards dealing with diasporans, there is no institutionalised approach in place aimed at deliberately engaging them in order to further their ambitions to invest back home.

Occasionally one hears of a team of government officials destined to attend annual gatherings of Ugandans in the USA or the UK but that is as far as it gets. The cosmetic engagements that occur in such events need to be taken a step further to enable any Ugandan in the diaspora acquire information, make decisions as well as protect their investment back home without pulling many strings.

Poor work ethics: For those that have lived in developed countries and even had a chance to work there, the work ethics of a typical Ugandan would send them reeling in shock. The reason this is an important issue is because it has a direct impact on the productivity of any business investment.

Imagine if the average production capacity per employee in a toilet paper factory is 50 cartons per day and the best our employees can do is half that, it definitely distorts the anticipated performance of the overall investment.

Take the case of employees who are willing to jump onto any excuse to either come late to work or avoid working entirely. They complain of rain or traffic jam as a reason for being late, a burial or sick child as a reason not to work for the entire day etc. The reasons tend to be numerous and very petty at best.

Lack of Skilled Manpower: The quality of manpower being churned out by the education institutions is degenerating at a very high rate. It is common to find today’s graduates failing to execute tasks that were taken for granted a couple of decades back.

The questionable skills that the pool of job seekers have are a bog let down to those planning to invest. It implies that one has to factor in resources for skilling employees thereby increasing the business start-up costs.

High cost of capital: Accessing financing especially long term can be very expensive in Uganda. Matters are aggravated by the constant need for collateral by the financial institutions. This creates limitations on the ability of an investment to scale. This challenge has been partially attributed to the private sector competing with government for the available credit.

Despite all these glaring challenges, it is good to note that the diasporans have not hesitated investing in Uganda. However, it seems like their level of investment would be much greater if only a number of these hoops were addressed. In a follow up article, we shall talk about what the Government of Uganda can do to address this increasingly crucial section of Ugandans.

James Wire is a Small Business and Technology Consultant

Blog: wirejames.com

Twitter: @wirejames

Email: lunghabo (at) gmail (dot) com

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