The Wire Perspective

The year 2016 begun in an uneventful manner, just like the previous years of my life save for the fact that it would culminate in a life changing exam, the Primary Leaving Examination. The last time I had sat for this exam was in 1986 (30 years ago to be precise). Here I was, once again, faced with the daunting task. This time round though, I was doing it by proxy through my fist born son, Walter.

I hope my experience will offer other parents vital guidance on how to help their children go through the candidate year of Primary 7.

First we begun by training the young man how to read on his own in the night (usually from 8pm till 10pm in the night) and this started off in Primary 6 first term. All through P.6, with my wife, we made a great effort at ensuring that he plugged the gaps in his knowledge of various topics. Our emphasis was not to have him cram but understand and actually appreciate the topics from a broad and practical perspective. This definitely made our work more painful but we figured that the earlier we made him develop a broad databank of knowledge, the better.

Fast forward to P7, we begun the tortuous year. However, we didn’t want to make it a dreaded year for him. Actually, our goal was to make it as life changing as possible in all ways while also ensuring that he looked forward with anxiety to his right of passage to Secondary School.

The usual self study in the evening after doing homework was maintained albeit ending an hour later than what he was used to, with an addition of short tests that we set for him at least twice a week during the first term. We would then review his weak areas and help him out.

One discovery at this stage was the Youtube learning videos. We were able to find a lot of videos that taught crucial topics and by watching them on the home TV, not only did the learning style change but it turned out to be more impactful. From someone who had issues Converting Bases, calculating Square Roots among other weaknesses, the young man was able to up his game in no time. That is when I went on a spree and downloaded numerous videos addressing the various topical areas in English, Maths, Science and Social Studies.

Come end of the first term, we still had a challenge of getting him to appreciate that he was a candidate and therefore needed to start acting like one. Being the boy he was, the same old playfulness hadn’t yet left him. He only read in our presence and once we left, he would switch to other activities.

By the close of the first term, we had borrowed a stash of past papers from a close family friend whose daughter had completed P7 two years earlier. Revising these papers complemented those that we set for him. The journey continued through the Second term with a rundown to Mock Examinations. Walter begun showing some bit of response towards his candidature but a lot was still lacking.

When the second term ended, we cooked up an idea of taking him for some holiday studies (a move I have always detested). The major reason for this was our observation that while he was knowledgeable enough to sit for the exams, he lacked in areas like answering techniques, question comprehension (lately, lots of tricks are used to twist questions around), handwriting, among others. Unfortunately or is it fortunately, his school is one that doesn’t believe in using the rod against children even when they persist in not showing improvement in certain areas of weakness.

I then called up a cousin of mine who tutors a small little known school in Mukono Town that registers a high success rate at PLE. After chatting with him, a decision was made to enroll him there for holiday classes. This is when the real tuning for PLE begun. Not only are they meticulous at grilling kids to pass exams (cram work inclusive) but they happen to be disciplinarians who believe in the power of the rod to change children.

Within a week at Good Hope Primary School, Walter was able to realise that he is privileged enough by virtue of where he studies from. The benches at Good Hope were not only too uncomfortable but so was the lunch served which was standard Posho and Beans or porridge, a far cry from the burgers, chips and biryani at his school. He also got to appreciate the seriousness with which other pupils take PLE. The laid back attitude that he and his schoolmates had for PLE was all of a sudden exposed.

By the end of the second term holiday, I could see a change in the young man for the better. However, I realised that he needed to polish up a lot when it came to techniques. Besides, the harsh approach to marking of tests at Good Hope helped him also realise that if he was to pass UNEB well, he needed to stick to certain guidelines while answering questions. The teachers in this neighborhood school seemed to understand this well. After all, they train their pupils largely to purely pass exams; as to how they fare years down the road, only God knows. I then decided that he continues studies at this school for some more time during the third term before returning to his official candidate school.

Now for the grueling part. During the third term, Good Hope P.7 children have a programme that sees them start class at 3:30am ending at 10:00pm in the evening from Monday to Saturday. Sunday is the only rest day. I had to ferry the young man daily as early as 3am to school, get back home, prepare myself for the day and then take the younger ones at 6am on the one hour trip to their school. Upon return in the evening, I had to then pick up the candidate at 10pm in the night. Over the past two decades, I have not had such a stressful, tiring period like those two weeks in third term that my boy spent at that school. During all this, we always had open talks and I noticed that he appreciated the extra mile that was being taken by us to ensure he passes PLE.

Eventually, he returned to his candidate school and resumednormal studies albeit with a much more mature and changed mindset. He now knew the goal he had to attain and used to read on his own till late in the night. At this point, we concentrated on question answering techniques like interpretation, organisation of work, handwriting among others. I am more than convinced that most children fail PLE due to poor techniques.

The message I continuously shared withWalter was; “We are reading like this because PLE demands that you do so if you are to go to your first choice school. The way exams are marked lately is less about rewarding knowledgeability and more about encouraging cram work. So, let us gather the right techniques to help you pass, after all you are already knowledgeable.”

Are you a parent with children in Primary school? These are some of the tips I have to share with you:

Start engaging your child and taking keen interest in their academics at least as early as Primary Four, if possible, even much earlier. Ensure they learn as much as possible while not yet under pressure of national exams like PLE.
Expose your child to other school settings in order to gauge their abilities. You see, different schools have different strengths and weaknesses. When I took my son to that local neighbourhood school, the weaknesses that had been perpetuated by his school were exposed in no time.
Actively play a role in your child’s learning. Show them you are interested and genuinely care. You might want to replace some of those trips to the swimming pool with visits to the Wildlife Education Center, a farm (if you have one or know who has one), village retreats etc. They learn a lot from such experiences. I do not for example have to teach my kids about mulching and various farming practices because we do practise that at home in the garden on a daily.
Get the child to realise that while studying is fun, its also a serious engagement that demands very serious attention from the pupil. This is one challenge many middle class parents are likely to face due to the comfort zone their children are always in. I always urged my son to Read Like an Orphan.
Start preparing for PLE as early as Primary Six first term. Ensure the child does a lot of study especially in topical areas of their weakness. Do not subcontract this because some coaching teachers are merely money makers. By perusing through their assessment tests, you can identify these weak areas easily. Keep increasing the heat of preparation slowly but significantly for every subsequent school term.
Past papers. Gather as many past papers from different schools as possible. Right from P5 to P7. The final PLE usually consists of at least 75% from the P5 and P6 curriculum. Examine your child with them and revise jointly if need be. It is a sacrifice you have to make. Do not put your trust entirely in those coaching teachers.
Try utilising modern forms of delivery like multi-media. I found it much easier to teach my children about Mountain and River formations using Youtube Videos. During the pre-PLE week, watching Science videos on the Eye, the teeth as well as mathematical videos on Volume of cylinders, prisms and the like helped the young man a lot. When he met the questions in the final exam, it was just a roll over for him.
Motivation. Work out ways of motivating your child to read hard. You know them best (in case you do not, then better find out what drives them). Show them the Holy Grail and give them a reason to yearn for it. In my case, the Holy Grail was, qualifying for the first choice school.
Last but most important is Prayer. In life these days, one ought to go spiritual otherwise “tojja malako” (you won’t achieve much). Teach your children how to pray and then join them in the exercise regularly. Get the child to appreciate that above all the physical preparation you have engaged in for the exams, there is a spiritual layer that can only be handled spiritually.

My focus now turns to Nina. She is in Primary Six. We’ll touch base at the end of 2018.

Wishing you luck.

Follow @wirejames on Twitter

I have always wanted to write an article on this subject but somehow never had the right recipe to push me. However, I stumbled across an article by the veteran Charles Onyango Obbo which summarily concluded that Africa should lease out its land to large financially able corporates as well as embrace GMOs wholesale. GMO is an acronym used to denote Genetically Modified Foods but actually stands for Genetically Modified Organisms.

In his article, the veteran publisher states; “The wider environmental crisis in the region has probably reached a level that state resources alone cannot reverse. The farmers have reached their wit’s end, and are not able to pay for environmental repair to their lands.”

The use of the term “probably” in the statement above is tactical and I commend him for that. However, his conclusion that the farmers cannot pay for the environmental repair was probably aimed at justifying the recommendation that followed;

“… someone with lots of money needs to come in, and for that to happen governments and activists in the region will have to embrace the idea of concessioning land to foreign nations and firms eager to lease it for farming.”

While he appreciates that land leases to foreign entities have not traditionally gone down well with the masses, I beg to differ with the insinuation that the solution to the incompetence of our local agriculture is moneyed foreigners entering the fray. They are welcome, Yes but the lack of good governance processes especially when it comes to acquisition of these lands by investors tends to be the genesis of the animosity.

There are a number of scenarios where rural dwellers are duped with job offers in order to quit their lands. After the investor sets foot, a handful are picked with the rest left to forge out new professions overnight. To make matters worse, the percolation of the returns from the natural resource are largely felt by the investors only with the locals being relegated to the periphery. As a result, absolute poverty simply multiplies, leading to the escalation of uncalled for vices like robbery.

As someone in close touch with rural dwellers and a small scale farmer at that, I have realised that our farmers are half the story when it comes to the problem of poor production. The Governments have let us down so much with their round peg in a square hole approach towards addressing farmers’ challenges. According to the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), small holders manage over 80 per cent of the world’s estimated 500 million small farms and provide over 80% of the food consumed in a large part of the developing world.

If small holder farming is a success elsewhere, why can’t it be the case in East Africa? The issue is more complex than the small holder farmers themselves. At the start of the current rainy season, I did purchase Beans and Ground nuts from an apparently reliable seeds supplier only to achieve a germination rate of less than 30%. As I speak, I can’t replant since am not certain about the length of time left for the rains to stop (Please do not remind me to use a bicycle for irrigation). This is a common tale among most of our farmers who see entire seasons fail as a result of supply chain issues. In other cases, the produce may be in abundance in the rural farms but infrastructural challenges prevent it from reaching your favourite supermarket. Under such circumstances, one shouldn’t hastily blame the farmer. I once came across cabbage farmers in Butaleja district who were stuck with large succulent cabbages and were offering them for sale at UGX 300/= (less than 10 US Cents).

Our governments need to handle this Agricultural support with as much expertise as they do when it comes to facilitating foreign industrialists. Facilitating these small holder farmers in a manner that is not aimed at merely ticking off deliverables but creates the much needed positive change is what we need. The so called primitive agriculture is definitely likely to benefit from such an honest approach.

Mr. Onyango Obbo goes ahead to endorse genetically modified foods wholesale. I understand his frustration as an urban dweller whose only concern is to find food readily available on the supermarket shelf. However, there is an uglier side to this whole GMO industry that needs us to tread with caution.

As a farmer, I am scared of GM Crops due to the following reasons;

GM Crops are patented. A patent is a license (usually given by government) conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention. If any farmer is found growing GM crops without proof of having purchased them from the company holding the patent rights or its agent, serious litigation is expected. A number of cases have been recorded so far with the Monsanto Canada Vs Schmeiser case garnering a lot of publicity.
Companies coming up with these GM foods are now in a better position to control the entire supply chain of their product right from seed supply to herbicide/pesticide use. They have the ability to genetically link their crops to selected herbicides and pesticides that they themselves produce hence locking out other players in the industry. This is likely to create monopolies in the market eventually. Roundup is a weed killer that Monsanto has successfully managed to link to its GM crops like the Soya Beans (Heard of crops referred to as Roundup Ready?). As a result, its application in a field with their crops achieves much more success than alternative options. The desire to maximise profits and control entire business ecosystems is likely to leave the farmer unfairly exposed to corporate manipulaton.
Contamination. The GM crops have been known to be so aggressive that they end up contaminating organic plants in nearby locales. I first heard this from some rural farmers who always claimed that certain seeds they bought had the net effect of causing a poor harvest among their local alternatives. Science today has proven it and there are land mark cases where GM companies have sued farmers for continuing to grow crops that have been inadvertently crossed with their GM varieties. According to Planetnatural.com, “Between 1997 and 2010, Monsanto sued at least 144 farmers and settled with some 700 others it accused of growing their patented GMO crops often canola seed or soy beans without purchase. Gag orders were imposed on those who settled. The irony here is that these growers wanted nothing to do with the GMO crops. They claim that the GMO crops trespassed on their property and grew there without their knowledge or consent.”
Defying Tradition. Farmers growing GMOs are not allowed to utilise seed from the previous season’s harvest if the court case against an Indiana farmer is one to go by. Essentially an African farmer will be expected to always buy their seeds or else they end up in a court of law for saving and replanting seed.
Cost Trap. Over reliance on the corporate world for the entire lifecycle of a farmer’s crops is likely to lead to a spike in food prices in future. Once these profit motivated companies take control of the global food supply from the seeds to the table, they will dictate prices and cause artificial price rises or drops akin to the OPEC era when oil prices were globally manipulated by a selected club of countries.

cereals_en According to FAO, over 90% of the food loss across the Agricultural value chain in Sub-Saharan Africa is at the pre consumption level (growing, post-harvest, processing and distribution) with the consumption level contributing less than 10%. While increased production is the holy grail touted by the GMO crowd, failure to address the current food loss elements in our value chain will still lead us back to square one.

Without doubt bwana Onyango Obbo, we all want to see a smoothly flowing food value chain with no interrupts like you have rightfully observed, however, it doesn’t necessitate us to jump from the frying pan into the fire. We know what the problems are and their solutions. We just need the right policy pursuits by our leaders.

God Bless

Follow @wirejames on twitter

The Wire Perspective

I sat for PLE at 42 Years

The Simplistic attitude of the Elite towards Africa’s Farmer

Follow The Wire Perspective via Email

Search The Wire Perspective

Posts Categories

Recent Posts