Earth and Space studies in Uganda’s O Level Curriculum


When you look at your house and compare it with the city you live in, it pales in comparison. Compare that city with your country and the city becomes a dwarf. Compare your country to the entire earth and you struggle to find something smaller to define the comparison. The sun is at least 100 times bigger than the earth in diameter. The sun and all the planets that rotate around it form the Solar System with the Sun being one of the 200 -400 billion stars in the Milky way Galaxy. A galaxy is a large group of stars, dust, gas and dark matter held together by gravity. The Solar system is part of the Milky way galaxy which is 100,000 light years wide.

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Milky Way Galaxy. Photo courtesy of Frankfurter Rundschau 

Why light years? Due to the astronomical distances between planets and stars, the kind of numeracy required to keep track of Kilometres and miles gets crazy. So, scientists came up with the measure of Light years which is the distance covered by light in one year. Light moves at a speed of 300,000 Km per second giving us 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers per year. So, when we say the Milky Way Galaxy is 100,000 Light years wide, we mean it is 950,000,000,000,000,000 Km across.

Wow!!! Do you realise how much we pale in comparison to the universe? Remember we have not yet dealt with the other galaxies that populate the universe like Andromeda among others. Phew !!!

If you’ve read this far, congratulations. Now to the subject matter.

We have complained and continue to do so about the falling education standards in Uganda. We keep demonising the government for not doing enough to turn around the situation. When Universal Primary and Secondary Education came up, the corruption that dogged it become the hallmark of such a well intentioned initiative. Over the past decade, the National Curriculum Development Centre has been painstakingly working on curriculum reviews that already saw the Primary Schools convert to a thematic guided curriculum and next is the Ordinary Level (Senior 1 -4).

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New O Level Thematic Curriculum

My biggest excitement about the O Level curriculum is not only the thematic approach that allows students to pursue their competencies from the word go but also the inclusion of a futuristic subject called Astronomy (referred to as Earth and Space in the image).

A young man Ghazali Mohammed has been foresighted enough to already have begun outreach in rural Ugandan schools teaching children the marvels of Astronomy. It is guys like him and the Fundi Bots honcho Solomon King doing similar outreach in Robotics that will show the way to those of us who are content with mere criticism.

Take it or leave it, within the next 30 years, we shall have human colonies on Mars and the moon. Space tourism is likely to be the next big thing (Shiyaya stand warned). Those that have excelled at attracting tourists to Gorillas will now have to compete with man’s curiosity with Space travel. Our children or grand children are likely to be part of expeditions to other planets and solar systems. Comets are seen as a likely source of mineral matter for us to utilise. The moon is already allegedly being mined of Helium 3. Elon Musk has indicated his strong desire to retire to Mars for the rest of his life. We already have probes currently billions of kilometres away from earth sending back updates of what space is like. Technology is advancing so fast that in the not so distant future, we shall cover millions of kilometres in a matter of minutes if Faster than Light (FTL) or Light Speed travel is achieved. That, is where we are headed.

For any curriculum to make sense in Uganda today, we need to look at the future of this world of ours. To be competitive, a good understanding of where we are headed as well as preparing our future inhabitants to harness the opportunities will be the best thing we shall have done for them. Every child today needs to learn about Astronomy. It is not enough for you to know how many Square miles of land are occupied by Uganda. Horizons are expanding, new states are likely to be formed. Like the europeans who ventured out across the oceans and founded colonies in North America, we shall have new countries or even stateless cities and countries on various planets while others could be floating in space above planets like Venus. While this may look far fetched, incremental improvements on knowledge are what will most likely get us there and this is the time to start.

Currently, the moon is slowly but surely moving further away from the earth at a rate of 4cm per year. [I see you laughing] What does that imply? If it ever leaves us, disastrous weather related consequences are expected since for example it has an effect on the tide in the oceans. However, it is believed that before the moon does this to us, the sun will have taken care of the destruction of our earth after achieving the red giant phase.

While such predictions of earth’s demise are billions of years away, the time is now to start enriching our interplanetary knowledge and make it as basic as the operation of a mobile phone. As a specie, we are going to have to migrate from this planet one time for it definitely will eventually become inhospitable. Who better to prepare for that eventuality than our school going children today?

My question though is, how ready are our teachers to teach such subjects like Astronomy? Can they tell what a Star, Black Hole, Pulsar, Quasar, meteorite, Galaxy or Dwarf star is?

Your guess is as good as mine.

Follow @wirejames on Twitter

Small Business? Beware of Conmen


“Two Hundred trays of eggs needed per week by a leading hotel in Kampala. Please call 0772345678. Competitive price is expected.”

That was the WhatsApp advert that jolted Tadeo into action. He had been looking for market for his eggs and here was a chance to not only sell his own eggs but also other farmers’ eggs. He quckly called the number listed and proceeded to negotiate for the offer. After some haggling, he was given a go ahead to supply the eggs starting the following week.

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My Local Chicken at home sitting on its eggs

With his little savings, Tadeo embarked upon looking for farmers that could supply him 100 trays consistently, since his capacity met only half of the demand. He committed himself and bought the extra 100 trays in time for the Monday morning supply.

On the D-Day, Tadeo hires a car to take his produce to the client. They meet in the parking lot of a busy hotel in Kampala where the transaction is completed. However, there is a catch, the buyer indicates that as is standard procedure, the hotel only pays 25% of the invoiced amount upon delivery with the balance being cleared on the next supply.

Already convinced that this was the start of a long term relationship with a big client, Tadeo gives in and leaves with the 25% pay. He then proceeds to prepare for the next delivery as promised. A day to the planned second delivery, the contact number of the client is not available and this goes on for the subsequent days. A visit to the hotel in question reveals that there has never been any such employee on their payroll.

Tadeo realised he had been conned !!!!

Starting a business is never something easy. Keeping it running is an even harder task. This is further complicated by the ever increasing complexity of getting customers. When someone poses as a customer for your product or service, you always trip over yourself to ensure that you give them the red carpet treatment. In most cases this involves throwing all caution to the wind. That is what Tadeo did and now is in losses he had never anticipated.

On my part, I’ve had a fair share of such incidents and they continue to-date. Having a product on the Supermarket shelves exposes you so much to these conmen/women. They traverse these shelves picking up contact numbers from products and will call you under the guise of placing a big order. They even try to make the matter so urgent and tend to offer money that is above your expectations.

Other conmen come in form of companies. Uchumi is one such company that conned us suppliers of millions on its way down the drain. Due to their branding, they always gave this impression of “We are too big to fail”. This led many of us SME suppliers to blindly continue supplying well knowing that when they pay, we shall get one fat cheque. The day they closed, I believe some suppliers closed shop.

In essence, while you’re out there struggling so hard to come up with a presentable product or service that can rake you some money, someone else is working so hard to con you of the money you are desperately trying to make. As a result, over the years, I have gained some sixth sense ability that helps me sense conmen (at least the unsophisticated) from afar. These are some of the flags that should always trigger you off;

  • Unprofessional Conduct: For someone that wants to do serious business with you, they had better exude some sense of professionalism. I agree there are those cases where the people you are dealing with are purely unprofessional by nature but with the large undertakings, if the prospective customer is making attempts to do things in a manner that doesn’t augur well with basic business processes and principles that is a flag right there in your face. Why for example should I meet you in a car park to supply a hotel food products? Why should first design for you a website before you can pay me even a commitment fee? Why should I undertake that research you need before we have a contract signed?

  • Rushed Approach: Most conmen will want to rush you into their proposition. A few days back we had someone who called and asked about our fish products. A day later he followed up the call with another and this time he was making an order to a good amount of the product. He then requested that we meet in the city centre at a place he would confirm later. At this point, I detected him as a conman and the next time we received a call, I told him to try sourcing our products from the supermarkets. He’s not called back ever since.

  • Changing of Numbers: Most conmen will use different numbers to call you up. This helps them to try and conceal their identity. Sometimes when you call back, you realise that he/she used a public phone to raise you. Another flag right there.

  • Clarity: Conmen are hardly clear in their communication. They will ask you one thing then later alter their request without any particular reason. Before you know it, when they learn of another product or service that you have, they go ahead to quickly express interest in that one too. That is a flag.

  • Talk Big: These conmen usually talk big. They will paint this picture of you getting a lot of business through their contacts. They will lead you on and depending on your appetite for quick gain, in a matter of hours or days, their plan comes to fruition. Thereafter, they disappear into thin air.

As a small business, take care in your search for the ever elusive customer. Be content with the few you have got so far and do the best you can to keep them on board. The mass numbers will eventually come your way if you lay the right strategies. Overnight success is a preserve of Hollywood movies. The tried and tested approach is one of slow but steady progress.

Watch out for conmen/women.

Follow @wirejames on Twitter